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Transport Layer Protocols
Introduction The transport layer is one of the seven layers of the OSI model, which is a reference framework that explains the process of transmitting data between computers. The OSI model was developed by ISO in 1984 and is now considered as an architectural model for inter-computer communications. Transport layer protocols play a significant role…
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What is PTP? (Precision Time Protocol) | Updated 2025
Introduction Nowadays, data is generated and transmitted all over the globe at an unprecedented rate. Hence, accurate and precise time synchronization is essential for almost every application and service. It is now crucial to have a common as well as reliable time reference across different devices and networks in order to ensure coordination, consistency, security,…
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What is the difference between Packet and Frame?
Introduction In computer networks, data is sent between devices using protocols and layers. Each layer has its way of packaging and handling data. There are two types of data units: packets and frames. Packets are used in the network layer, while frames are used in the data link layer. But what is the fundamental difference…
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What is Tree Topology? || Its Advantages and Disadvantages
Introduction Computer networks consist of interconnected devices that are organized in different ways. The arrangement and communication between these devices are referred to as network topology. The topology chosen impacts the network’s performance, reliability, security, and scalability. There are types of network topologies, including bus, ring, star, mesh, and hybrid configurations. In this blog post,…
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Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP Protocol)
Introduction FTP or file transfer protocol is a standard protocol for exchanging files between two devices inside a network. However, FTP also has some drawbacks, such as requiring a lot of resources and having some compatibility issues with different operating systems. That’s why a more straightforward and lighter alternative to FTP is needed. That’s where…
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Difference between ARP and RARP
Introduction In computer networking, it is crucial to map a logical address (such as an IP address) to a physical address (such as a MAC address). The reason behind this is that network layers use different types of addresses to identify and communicate with different devices available within a network. But the question that comes…
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Common Types of Network Devices and Their Functions (2025)
Introduction A computer network comprises a collection of interconnected devices. These devices, including computers, printers, and other data-transmitting tools, are linked through communication channels. Various types of network devices are utilized to establish, maintain, protect, and improve network connections. Network Devices carry out different functions at different layers of the OSI model and have different…
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What is Ethernet in Computer Networks, Its Types and Uses?
Introduction Ethernet is a technology that enables devices to communicate over a wired network. It is widely utilized in area networks (LANs) where computers, printers, scanners, and various other devices are interconnected both with each other and with the internet. Ethernet is also employed in wide area networks (WANs) where multiple LANs are linked over…
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What is Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)?
Introduction Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, also known as reverse ARP, is a networking protocol used to link a MAC address with an Internet Protocol (IP) address. It is the inverse of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), which links an IP address with a MAC address. RARP was originally developed in the stages of computer networking as…
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What is OSI Model in Computer Network?
Introduction OSI model or Open Systems Interconnection model serves as a framework that explains the process of information transfer, i.e., from one computer’s software application to another computer through a medium. It was created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984. It is now widely acknowledged as an architecture model for inter-computer communication.…
