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What is IPSec (Internet Protocol Security)?
Introduction Nowadays, most organizations rely heavily on the Internet for daily business; as a result, there has been a surge in cyberattacks. As cybercrime becomes more common, businesses find it difficult to protect sensitive data without compromising productivity. That’s why IPSec is widely used by businesses to allow secure transmission and access of data. But…
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VRRP in Networking || Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Introduction VRRP in Networking stands for Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, and it is a protocol that provides high availability and fault tolerance for routers in a network. It allows multiple routers to form a virtual router group and share a virtual IP address, which is used as the default gateway for the hosts in the…
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What is LAN (Local Area Network) and its Characteristics?
Introduction A computer network is a digital network that provides a central connection point for several computers and other computing devices. There are different types of computer networks, each of which may be classified according to the scale of their operations and purpose. One of the most common types of computer networks is LAN. But…
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Top TCP/IP Interview Questions and Answers (2025)
Introduction TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, which is a set of rules that governs how data is transmitted and received over a network. It is one of the most widely used protocols that allows communication between different devices across various networks. Jobs in this field often need a thorough understanding of TCP/IP. In…
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IPv6 Address Types || Unicast, Multicast, and Anycast
Introduction The Internet Protocol (IP) address provides a unique identifier that is allocated to each device that is connected to the Internet. It allows communication and information sharing among multiple devices. IPv4 has a limit of 4.3 billion addresses. This limit, however, has been reached and depleted as more and more devices are connected to…
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BGP in Computer Networks || Border Gateway Protocol
Introduction There are many different routing protocols used in computer networks that allow communication between various devices. BGP in computer networks is one of the most important protocols used to exchange data between different AS (Autonomous Systems). It’s the standard protocol for communication between ISPs and also between businesses and ISPs. BGP contains complete routing…
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What is a Routing Table in Computer Networks?
Introduction Routing is a fundamental concept in the field of data communication networks. Routing allows the transmission of data from a specific source address to a designated destination address across a network that is interconnected. Routing takes place at the network layer, specifically Layer 3, within the framework of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference…
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RSTP Protocol in Networking || Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Introduction One of the challenges of network switching is to avoid loops in the network topology. Loops can cause problems such as broadcast storms, multiple frame copies, and MAC address table instability. To prevent loops, switches use a protocol called Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). STP creates a logical tree structure of the network by blocking…
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What is OSPF Protocol || Open Shortest Path First
Introduction OSPF is a routing protocol that is widely used in large and complex networks. The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is classified as an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). It is utilized to determine the optimal routing path between a source and destination router by implementing the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm. OSPF Protocol…
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What is Policy Based Routing (PBR) in Networking?
Introduction Policy Based Routing is a powerful network management technique that enables efficient control and prioritization of network traffic flow. Nowadays, a number of applications are working side by side, and it’s a must to connect these applications. Because of this, the network traffic nature has become more complicated. Using traditional mechanisms, it may be…
